Hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo tagnrho, koj tuaj yeem muab cov nqi xa khoom tuaj rau lub tsev sibtham thiab lawv yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus rau koj cov PCBs kom raug. Hauv kev muaj tiag, nws tsis tshua muaj qhov yooj yim.
Los ntawm peb cov kev paub, txawm tias feem ntau tus qauv ntawm cov qauv, los yog txhais tau tias los ntawm cov neeg muas zaub los yog muab ncaj qha los ntawm tuam ntxhab tuaj yeem yuam kev. Datasheets tsis muaj ntaub ntawv los yog ua tsis tas siv cryptic, manufacturers txiav txim siab mus tawm tsam dav txais cov qauv, tus neeg tsim khoom tsis qhia cov kev taw qhia thiab polarity markings los yog tsuas yog dawb ua dag yuam kev, muaj ntau lub plethora ntawm tej pitfalls designers tuaj yeem tsim txom. Cov teeb meem no feem ntau qab lawv lub dab tuag ntawm lub xeem feeb, thaum twg lawv tau ua npau suav ntau rau ob tog designer thiab tus neeg tuaj nkag. Cov sijhawm thiab cov kev pabcuam uas yuav ploj mus yuav tsum tsis txhob poob siab.
Lwm hnub, ib tug neeg xav hais tias peb ib tug engineers, "Zoo, peb yuav ua li cas txog qhov no?". Rau qhov no thiab tam sim no, tsis muaj ib qho yooj yim tov, tsuas yog los ua tsev. Kos, xyuas dua thiab xyuas dua ib txhia. Muaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tackling cov teeb meem los ntawm kev siv ntse software kom panning ua ke los mus ua cov chaw hneev taw, tab sis tsis muaj peev xwm puas tau lav tias tsis muaj kev sib txig sib tov.
Ib co piv txwv ntawm cov teeb meem uas peb nquag muaj xws li tus neeg sib sau ua ke:
Hneev taw kev tsis yog: Part R1 yog qhov loj me 0603, tab sis qhov qauv ntawm PCB yog 0402.
Ntaus tus qauv: Muaj 6 hom txawv hauv BOM rau ntu no, tab sis qhov sib npaug hauv BOM tsawg tshaj qhov ntawd - puas muaj ib zaug?
Tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm / Kev Hneev taw: Tus BOM muaj feem ntawm L4, tab sis peb nrhiav tsis tau qhov no rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Nws yuav tsum muab tso rau qhov twg?
Tsis tshua muaj qhov qhia tau tias: Feem ntau D2 thiab D3 tsis muaj polarity markings, thov qhia peb txog qhov tseeb kev qhia.
Tsis muaj cov "pin 1" cov cim: Peb tsis paub yuav ua li cas rau mount IC U4, tsis muaj cov ntsuas rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm.
Tsis muaj cov qauv taw qhia rau cov khoom pliag (asymmetric parts): Yam kev taw qhia yuav tsum muaj tus neeg nyob sab nraud? Puas yog lub hau yuav tsum sab hauv los yog sab nraud?
Thaum uas peb tsis tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas koj tau siv qhov chaw qhia kev tseeb rau tag nrho koj qhov chaw hauv BOM los sis xyuas kom tsis txhob tso tawm ib qho (qhov ntawd yog lwm yam nkaus), peb yuav ua li cas qhia rau koj paub tias peb xav tau cov ntaub ntawv peb xav tau thiab zoo tshaj plaws los nthuav qhia nws. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb faib qee yam ntawm peb cov kev paub txog teeb meem thaum lub sijhawm PCB ua ke thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv lawv.
Nws muaj peb qho teeb meem uas peb ntsib tau yooj yim kho tau los ntawm kev ntseeg tau tias cov lus qhia tau cim meej meej thiab nws rhuav mus rau 3 lub ntsiab lus: 1. Designator, 2. Piv txwv, thiab 3. Cov cim taw qhia.
Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem tshaj tawm tau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txuam
Vim li cas lawv tseem ceeb?
Lawv yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus qhia tseeb rau koj lub tsev thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog tias koj tab tom ua txoj haujlwm ntawm lub rooj sib txoos rau lub khw uas cov lus xaiv tsis yog koj tus kheej.
Thaum nws tuaj cuag koj tus qauv tsim, nws tsuas yog siv ib qho yuam kev xwb los rhuav tau ib qho kev khiav tawm thiab pov tseg lub sij hawm thiab cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov nqi kho vaj tse.
XY lossis sau cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem pab qhia txog kev qhia thiab kev tso kawm, tab sis tib neeg tsis nyeem hauv XY thiab lawv tsis kam them los ntawm lub qhov chaw uas muaj kev sib cav txawm tias yooj yim mus rau qhov tsis ncaj.
Yog li, sib dhos cov ntaub ntawv yog txhua qhov tseem ceeb thaum tes soldering ob peb lub laug cam rau prototyping vim txhua yam yog manually.
Yog hais tias lub silkscreen tsis paub los yog, zoo li peb cov neeg tau txais kev pab, koj tsis xav kom lub rooj tsavxwm sab scribbled nrog silkscreen ntawv, ces cov ntaub ntawv sib txuam tuaj yeem ua ib qho kev siv rau cov pej xeem.
Rau ICs, nws zoo nkauj heev tias lawv muaj tshwj xeeb orientation yuav tsum tiam sis rau cov zauv feem ntau zoo li diodes, tsis polarity cov ntawv yuav ua rau cov tivthaiv tau muab tso rau willy nilly, thiab koj feem ntau pom qhov no thaum nws lig dhau lawm.
Kuv yuav ua cov ntaub ntawv sib dhos li cas?
Txhua daim PCB tsim software muaj ntau txoj kev los ua cov ntaub ntawv sib sau ua ke (qee tus txawm hauv Gerber hom), tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm tib yam yog tib yam: kom muaj tseeb thiab ceev siv ntawm qhov chaw tivthaiv, nrog rau cov haujlwm thiab cov kev taw qhia kom pom tseeb. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias muaj kev tivthaiv txheej txheem lossis cov lus qhia loog, ib yam uas tsis tas luam tawm rau hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm silkscreen. Khaws tej yam yooj yim; tej yam xws li cov khoom muaj nuj nqi thiab MPNs yeej tsis pab nyob rau hauv theem ua ke thiab tuaj yeem pab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv tsim populated.
KiCad loog thiab fab txheej ntaub ntawv sib sau ua ke. Thaum peb tsis tuaj yeem hais lus rau tag nrho PCB tsim software, ntawm no yog qee cov ntsiab lus piav qhia txog yuav xa tawm cov ntaub ntawv no li cas los ntawm qee qhov nrov tshaj pob khoom:
Nyob rau hauv Eagle, cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog tPlace, tNames thiab tDocu (thiab ib yam li rau sab hauv qab). Cov txheej txheem loog ntxiv yog tDocu.
Nyob rau hauv KiCad, lub Courtyard thiab Fab txheej feem ntau muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
Rau Altium Designer thiab CircuitMaker cov neeg siv, lub software muaj qhov kev xaiv los xa PDF ntawm lub rooj sib txoos sawv ncaj qha.
Mus saib peb cov FAQ FAQ rau ntau kauj ruam yog kauj ruam qhia. Cov no tsis yog cov qauv kev lag luam tab sis lawv feem ntau muaj cov lus qhia ntau txaus rau cov neeg sib tw. Nco ntsoov, qhov no ua hauj lwm, cov kev siv koj hneev taw, txawm yog koj tus kheej los yog lwm tus neeg kos koj. yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv pob zeb tshwj xeeb cov qauv thiab muaj tag nrho cov lus qhia hauv cov txheej no.
Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav XY tuaj yeem tso cov ntaub ntawv, peb muaj nws them .
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov kws kho mob tsis xav tau saib cov ntawv tshawb fawb kom paub tias yuav ua li cas ib feem tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus ua ke. Qhov no yog qhov tsawg teev yog rau txoj cai? Tab sis nws tseem xav tsis thoob tias peb muaj pes tsawg "kev cai" uas yog intertwined thiab ua tsis tas yuav nyuaj. Nws yog txhua yam hauv cov ntaub ntawv khij nyiab uas lawv hais. Tej zaum nws yuav zoo heev, tab sis tsis muaj cov kws kho mob xav khawb kaum feeb rau txhua qhov kev sib tham nrog cov ncov qaum-xaj kom paub tseeb ntawm cov ntawv sau tsis zoo.
Ntawm no yog qee cov qauv ntawm cov khib ntau zaus uas peb tau pom peb tus kheej hauv:
ICs: Kuv tau txais PCBs thiab lawv tuag kiag li! Xyuas cov seem kuv pom cov IC yog cov khawb hauv qhov khawm.
Lus hauv no teb Ok, qhov no yog peb phem. Tsis txhob cia cov ob sib xyaw no. Ntawm sab laug, cov kab tau qhia cov kev cai nthuav dav nrog rau qhov "thais". Txoj cai yog lub convention uas qhov kab ntev hais tias qhov "ntaus cim" lossis qhov taw qhia dot. Ib qho yooj yim overlooked yog hais tias koj tsis tau them sai sai.
Tsis hais, datasheets thiab footprints feem ntau tsis tuaj nyob rau hauv tib lub pob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog kos los ntawm peb tog uas thov kom muaj tus txheej txheem. Tsis muaj ib lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm cov rooj sib tham uas tau pom zoo - txawm hais tias muaj qhov zoo li ib tug neeg yeej ib txwm sim los tsim ib qho tshiab. Ib txhia ua tau zoo, qee cov ua tsis tiav.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua yog xav yog tias koj tau muab qhov no rau koj tus kheej tsis muaj kev pabcuam datasheet. Saib ntawm thaj chaw pom zoo kom tau txais kev xav ntawm lub pob zoo li cas, kos dab tsi cov yeeb yam ntawm lub pob, muab nws cov ntaub ntawv los yog thais los xij, mam li xyuas kom pom tseeb tias cov no pom ntawm koj tus qauv PCB thiab / lossis daim qauv duab . Yog silkscreen dot overlapping ib lub ncoo lossis qee cov ntawv nyeem? Puas muaj lwm cov yeeb yam uas ua rau ua rau tsis meej pem? Yog li, tweak qhov layout ces nws yog cuab kev thiab yooj yim pom. Ua ke nrog ib qho chaw sib txuas lossis cov qauv qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib sau ua ke, yuav tsum muaj me ntsis chav yuam kev.
Rau qhov kev tivthaiv no, los ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom tsim ua haujlwm, daim ntawv qhia datasheet qhia rau peb tias cov sijhawm yuav tsum mus ua ke nrog lub hneev taw. Zoo - yog hais tias tsuas yog lub cev tivthaiv nws tus kheej muaj ib qho dhau los. Cov tivthaiv tus cim yog qhov nqis tshaj plaws hauv qab ntawm lub pob uas yog muab zais thaum txuas ib zaug.
LEDs: Kuv tau txais PCBs thiab qee qhov LEDs tsis qeeb. Qhov kev taw qhia kom meej meej hauv lub silkscreen, dab tsi mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm?
Qhov no yog, los ntawm tag nrho cov txhais tau tias, ib tug tiag tiag cov ntaub ntawv. Ob tug LEDs, xim ntsuab thiab liab, sib txuas rau ib leeg nrog tib lub cim silkscreen (ib tus qauv ntawm tus ntiv tes nrog ib kawg qhib), ua los ntawm tib lub khw, hauv tib lub series, sib txawv ntawm cov cim kos duab D1 thiab D2, thiab ib tsab ntawv ntawm ib feem ntawm cov zauv uas qhia txawv xim. Tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem yuam kev ntawm no, puas yog? Tab sis, lo thiab behold, D2 yog tiag tiag yuav tsum tau mounted nyob nraud, rov qab rau cov convention convention - dab tsi yog hais txog?
Hloov tawm, muaj ib qho keeb kwm me ntsis hauv daim ntawv qhia uas hais tias qhov anode thiab cathode yog ntxig rau cov liab liab, thiab tsuas yog cov liab liab. Gee, ua tsaug ntau.
Hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo tagnrho, txhua kab kevcai tsuas yog: cov rooj sib txoos. Tab sis yeej muaj zoo li ib qho chaw ua lag luam uas xav ua kom yooj yim. (Yog hais tias koj muaj ib qhov kev qhia txog tias vim li cas lawv hloov txoj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, ua rau peb paub). Thov tsis txhob cia siab tias cov kws kho mob yuav tsum tshawb xyuas txhua qhov kev qhia me ntsis hauv daim ntawv qhia. Koj tuaj yeem ua lub neej yoojyim dua rau ob tog los ntawm qhov paub cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ua ntej thiab cim cov silkscreen kom haum. Raws li tus qauv tsim, koj yuav tsum paub txog cov khoom ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib - uas yog ncov qaumteb qab zib, uas yog kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb los yog muaj qhov kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb. Kos rau daim ntawv qhia rau lub cev rau ntawm lub pob thiab muab piv rau cov ntaub ntawv silkscreen lossis sib dhos. Nws tsuas yog siv ib qho yuam kev me me los ua kom muaj kev sib tsoo, thiaj li tawm me ntsis ntxiv rau kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim cawm koj txhais caj npab thiab ceg.
Ib qho txawv piv txwv, WS2812 series ntawm RGB LEDs.
Tshooj thiab daim duab ntawm hauv internet, yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi hu peb mus rho tawm.
NeoDen muab tag nrho cov smt kev sib txuas daws teeb meem, xws li SMT reflow qhov cub, yoj tes laug tshuab, de laim qhov chaw luam ntawv, PCB loader, PCB unloader, nti mounter, SMT AOI tshuab, SMT SPI tshuab, SMT X-hluav taws xob tshuab, SMT los ua ke kab khoom siv, PCB Cov Khoom Pab Khoom Siv Nruab Nruag SMT tej yam zoo li txhua yam SMT cov cav koj xav tau, thov hu rau peb kom paub ntxiv:
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